... abandoning Russian gas instantly is challenging: some countries (such as Hungary) still significantly depend on Gasprom gas under active contracts. This creates discord within the EU—Budapest has already signaled that if a ban on Russian gas is set at the EU level, Hungary will seek direct solutions with Moscow. Such signals indicate a lack of full unity in the bloc's position on energy security issues. Overall, global energy trade is undergoing a phase of transformation under the influence of sanctions, trade disputes, and strategic decisions by states. While oil, gas, and coal price dynamics continue to be largely driven by fundamental factors of supply and demand, political actions can quickly change the availability of certain energy carriers ...

... buyers of Russian gas, besides Europe, are China and Japan, but a significant part of exports is still directed to Europe, especially to countries with developed infrastructure for receiving LNG, such as Spain, Great Britain and the Netherlands. The sanctions imposed by the EU against Russia are gradually reducing the share of Russian gas on the market, but it has not yet been possible to completely abandon it. Technically, Russian companies have powerful production capabilities, and even with sanctions restrictions, supplies ...

... Oil and Bharat Petroleum have contracted for at least 22 million barrels of non-Russian crude with delivery in September-October. Companies are also searching for alternatives in logistics: private Nayara Energy (partially owned by Rosneft), recently sanctioned by the EU, is seeking access to available tankers under Indian flags for transporting its petroleum products. Shipowners are wary of issues regarding insurance coverage for routes affected by sanctions. At the diplomatic level, India is not reducing dialogue ...

... volumes have reached over 600,000 barrels per day. Indian refineries really got a taste for Russian oil only in 2022 when the EU refused to buy it. In just a few months, Russia became the number one supplier to India. Our oil quickly displaced other major ... ... remained small and continues to do so, despite the reported twofold growth in Western media. According to Frolov, after additional sanctions were imposed against the trading fleet transporting Russian oil, logistical issues did arise, but they were temporary....

... meters in 2025–2026 due to structural market factors. Investors and the industry, in general, welcome the accumulation of reserves as it reduces the risks of sharp price surges in winter. However, market participants continue to monitor potential EU decisions regarding further reductions in dependency on Russian gas. Against the backdrop of discussions on new sanctions against Russia, Hungary has already stated that it will seek separate solutions with Russia in the event of a European-wide ban on Russian gas imports—this signal underscores the ongoing divisions within the EU regarding energy security. Fuel ...