... continuously on the exchange at market prices, similar to stocks. Taxes: When withdrawing money from a PIF or selling an ETF, the profit is subject to PIT (13%)—the same as when selling stocks. Crowdlending (P2P Lending) Profitability: P2P lending platforms promise high rates—approximately 15-25% per annum. According to JetLend, the weighted average rate in September 2024 was about 27.7%, while historical returns for investors (after accounting for losses) stood at approximately 19.1%. Risks: ...

... Digital Era and the Departing Tradition In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, trading underwent revolutionary changes with the transition to electronic systems. Gradually, open outcry trading, with its noise and gestures, gave way to electronic platforms, where deals are made at the touch of a button and information is transmitted through screens. This comparison of old and new trading methods dramatically illustrates the sector's progress: The Human Element vs. Automation: In the old method,...

... significant volumes of Bitcoin: MicroStrategy – 628,946 BTC Marathon Digital Holdings – 50,639 BTC (the largest miner) Twenty One (XXI) – 43,514 BTC (a new Bitcoin holding company) Bitcoin Standard Treasury (BSTR) – 30,021 BTC (a SPAC fund) Riot Platforms – 19,239 BTC (a major miner) Marathon's reserve (~50,639 BTC) is more than 12 times smaller than MicroStrategy's; the total reserves of the remaining companies are also significantly inferior to the first position. Mining Companies as BTC ...

... enhance the U.S.'s role in digital finance. In July 2025, the U.S. enacted its first federal stablecoin law (GENIUS Act). This marked a signal for more widespread adoption of the "digital dollar" by the private sector. Major banks and payment platforms soon expressed interest in issuing their own stablecoins. For investors, regulated dollar tokens could become a reliable tool for capital storage and transactions. However, the stability of such coins depends on trust in their reserve backing: ...

... led by Mira Murati, raised $2 billion—a record sum for such an early stage. Meanwhile, defense project Anduril Industries secured $2.5 billion to scale its security technologies. Investors are competing for opportunities to invest in promising AI platforms, ranging from corporate sector tools to military and scientific applications. Notably, activity is not confined to North America; European and Asian AI startups are also experiencing heightened demand. In Europe, the young startup Lovable became ...