... stable assets. A more conservative approach generally means a larger proportion of gold, bonds, and cash equivalents in the portfolio. Conversely, aggressive investors hold minimal capital in defensive instruments – often just a “safety net” for crisis management – investing the bulk of their capital in riskier but more lucrative projects. Stop-Loss Orders A stop-loss is a specific exchange order (instruction) to sell a security if its price falls to a certain level. Essentially, the investor sets ...

... credit growth and high systemic risk. The primary purpose of this buffer is to accumulate a capital cushion that will help banks manage potential crises and shocks in the financial market. In the event of deteriorating economic conditions, banks can utilize ... ... additional capital, improving their ability to withstand potential crises and reducing the likelihood of widespread defaults. Crisis Prevention. The countercyclical buffer is a preventive measure that prepares the banking system in advance for possible ...

... markets. Real case example: In 2007, the LEI index began to decline several months before the onset of the global financial crisis. It signaled a slowdown in economic activity through indicators such as falling building permits and falling stock prices.... ... allows investors and economists to anticipate changes in the economy, making it an important element for decision-making and risk management.

... significance. For Europe , the growth of the share of RES has also become a strategic trend, especially following the energy crisis. In 2023, when some EU countries temporarily increased coal generation due to gas shortages, CO 2 emissions and electricity ... ... half of July led to overheating water at some nuclear power plants, complicating their cooling), Europe’s energy system is managing peak loads without significant disruptions. Grid operators are implementing high-alert modes on days of extreme heat,...

... global economic processes and internal factors, including oil prices and political stability. 2008-2009: the global financial crisis led to a sharp drop in the index, reflecting the negative impact on the Russian economy. Recovery was gradual. 2010-2014: ... ... exposure to the entire market without having to buy shares of each company individually. Mutual Investment Funds (MIFs): Many management companies offer MIFs that invest in shares of companies included in IMOEX. These funds are managed by professionals,...