... from multiple investors and allocate them to pre-IPO transactions. For retail investors, purchasing fund shares can be a way to indirectly participate in deals, reducing individual risks via diversification. Meanwhile, fund managers handle the entire transaction end-to-end—from due diligence to exit strategy. In international practice, hybrid formats are also found: convertible loans or equity options issued in the final stages before an IPO. However, the traditional format, primarily equity participation via share purchases, is more commonly used in the Russian ...

... widespread recognition, but interest in this method is growing. In 2021, plans were discussed to create SPACs targeted at Russian tech companies, and some investors and management firms expressed interest in executing such projects. However, large SPAC transactions in Russia remain rare. The primary obstacles to the spread of SPACs in Russia include regulatory peculiarities, lower stock market liquidity, and limited experience using this instrument. Nevertheless, the international trend and interest in alternative methods for going public may foster the development of SPAC in the country. Looking ahead, SPAC could become an attractive option for Russian companies, particularly in the tech sector, if market conditions ...

... XRP has sparked investor optimism and helped the coin return to levels not seen since 2018. In turn, Binance Coin (BNB), the internal cryptocurrency of the largest crypto exchange Binance and its blockchain ecosystem, trades at over year-long highs (near ... ... price is still notably below historical highs. Solana (SOL), after a downturn in 2022, has regained attention due to its high transaction speed and scalability — SOL has returned to the top ten and strengthened its position after overcoming the consequences ...

... gains significantly outweigh them. Methods of Purchase Currency can be purchased online through various methods. Each has its own features. To make an informed decision, it is worthwhile to consider them in detail: Forex. Users can buy currency on the international market through a broker. Transactions are conducted quickly and at very favorable rates. The broker provides leverage, which allows for the significant increase of income. However, without knowledge and careful actions, losses can also occur. Additionally, one should not forget ...

... can sell their services and participate in transactions (Scholz et al., 2018). Banks that receive up-to-date information on transactions and potential clients for financing. Thanks to this digital platform, a kind of ecosystem of the digital economy ... ... who were originally planned by the developer company, but also others. At the same time, there are possibilities of organizing international cooperation. The development of a multi-sided platform for instant purchases and sales in commodity markets is conceptually ...