... times. Gas Supply Risks for Europe This Winter: Causes and Measures to Ensure Energy Security Energy security has always been a priority for the European Union, particularly in the winter months. However, given the complexities of the global energy markets and reduced Russian pipeline gas supplies, the EU may face serious challenges this winter. This article explores the causes of these risks, the current status of alternative supplies, and the measures that EU countries are taking to stabilize the situation. Primary Causes of Potential Supply Disruptions 1. Reduced Russian Pipeline Gas Imports A decrease in Russian gas supplies to Europe remains a major issue in the EU’s energy policy. At the end of 2024, a five-year agreement on Russian gas ...

... Index measures the degree of optimism that consumers feel about the overall state of the economy and their personal financial situation. A higher-than-expected reading may boost the euro and European equities, while a lower reading could have the opposite ... ... country's monetary policy stance. While this may have a more localized impact, significant policy shifts could influence emerging market sentiments. 15:00 GMT: Germany – Preliminary Consumer Price Index (CPI) for November The German CPI is a key indicator ...

... marketplace Open Oil Market, the rise in exchange gasoline prices is linked to a reduction in subsidies for oil refineries. In May 2025, payments for the damping mechanism (compensation to oil companies from the budget for supplying fuel to the domestic market at prices below export levels) amounted to 42.5 billion rubles – 32% less than the previous month and 79% less than in May 2024. The reduction in subsidies leads to a decline in oil refining margins. In this situation, oil companies have no choice but to compensate for losses through higher exchange prices. It is worth noting, however, that the damping mechanism depends on petroleum product quotations in Europe, as well as the exchange rate of the ruble. ...

... methods of business management, including strategy, marketing, manufacturing, research, human resources development, are undergoing a revolution. It allows to achieve the desired results with minimum effort and resources. Abstract The difficult economic situation in the world, active development of renewable energy technologies, geopolitical upheaval, COVID-19 pandemic - all of this, to one degree or another, has an impact on the global market of oil products. Such problems induce market participants to look for ways of creation strong, mutually beneficial relations between sellers and customers of oil products in the long term. One of the possible courses of events is the use of the ...

... key macroeconomic indicators. Focus will be on the PMI index, unemployment data, inflation rates, and decisions by the Federal Reserve regarding interest rates. The published reports could considerably affect stock prices and forecasts for the U.S. market. Given the situation with oil prices, this week promises to be particularly important for traders and analysts. Key Economic Events and Corporate Earnings: Week of July 28 – August 1, 2025 Introduction: The last week of July and the first of August promises ...