... than $1 billion a year, and the share of intranational trade barely reaches 5% of the total volume of external trade of South Asian countries (in comparison, in Southeast Asia, this figure stands at around 25%, while within the EU it exceeds 60%). In other ... ... would lead to a surge in insurance risks for commercial vessels, a rise in freight prices, and heightened tension in the oil market. The India-Pakistan conflict inevitably also involves the interests of other major powers in the region, which risks drawing ...

... In Russia, coal continues to hold a significant share in both electricity production and export revenue in the sector. Production by Russian companies remains near record levels, and amidst sanctions, the coal industry is actively reorienting towards Asian markets. The government supports exporters by investing in the expansion of port infrastructure in the Far East and subsidizing railway transportation to boost supplies to the Asia-Pacific region. Looking ahead, despite the sustained importance of coal ...

... used to cover peak loads), while on the other hand, supply in the market is sufficient, and consumers have accumulated significant reserves. Major exporters such as Australia, Indonesia, Russia, and South Africa maintain stable supplies to the global market. In developed countries, the trend towards reducing hydrocarbon generation continues: environmental restrictions and tax policies make new coal projects less attractive. However, as noted, some Asian nations are temporarily increasing coal use to avoid purchasing expensive gas. As a result, global coal consumption remains on a “plateau.” Analysts from the IEA expect a gradual decline in global coal demand starting in 2026, provided that ...

... Power of Siberia pipeline. Modern technologies allow for stable gas supplies to China. 2. Gas pipelines and export infrastructure Gazprom owns one of the world's longest gas transportation systems, which connects the main fields with domestic and export markets. Power of Siberia: The pipeline, more than 2,200 km long, supplies gas to China and becomes the basis for expanding cooperation with Asian countries. Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2: Gas pipelines connecting Russia and Europe via the Baltic Sea provide significant volumes of supplies to key European markets. Turkish Stream: Gas pipeline that supplies gas to Turkey and southern European ...

... Transit Agreements: Long-term tariffs and capacity guarantees in Mongolia. Market Impact and Capacity Balance The launch of “Siberia-2” could redistribute gas export flows and stabilize the load of production centers in the medium term. For the Asian market, this means increased supply reliability and potential price smoothing during periods of high demand. For Gazprom, it ensures the steady realization of part of its resource base amid moderated price volatility. Implementation Risks Contractual: ...