... affected the reduction in extraction costs and improved financial results (the tax exemption was granted to support Gazprom's investment program). Secondly, some cost savings may be linked to the optimization of operational expenses and the reduction of ... ... exchange losses, interest payable on debt, reserves, and write-offs. The main negative factor was interest expenses on loans and bonds: in H1 2025, Gazprom paid interest amounting to about 261 billion rubles, which is ~17% higher than a year earlier (the ...