... include bond funds (government or corporate), the Moscow Exchange index fund (or global market). Mutual funds offer professional management, although they charge fees. The IIA allows investment in stocks and bonds with a tax incentivized deduction (13% from ... ... through price appreciation and dividends, but they also come with high volatility. It is advisable to complement a mid-term portfolio with "blue chip" stocks (gas, oil, finance) and international ETFs to mitigate risks across countries and ...

... investors will face lower risks by allocating their funds across different assets. By the time the average investor reacts to market changes, 80% of losses may have already occurred. However, it is crucial not to go too far. One must ensure that the portfolio remains manageable. There is little point in investing in a hundred different assets if there is no time or resources to monitor them. It is wiser to limit oneself to 20-30 varied investments. Including a few investments in index funds or fixed-income funds in ...

... fund depends on the individual investment goals, risk tolerance, and investor preferences. ETFs are usually preferable for investors who seek simplicity and high liquidity, while mutual funds may be more suitable for investors who prefer professional management of their portfolio. Before making an investment decision, it is recommended to consult with a financial advisor.

... Tereshkin's observations, portfolio investments are most frequently attractive to corporations engaging in international market operations to solve various financial challenges. Such investments are often not long-term, and shareholders do not gain management control over the enterprise. Portfolio investment can be carried out in various ways. For example, an entrepreneur can purchase securities in their home country, buy shares on the market of another country, or invest in mutual funds abroad. It is crucial to understand that both foreign ...

... Nevertheless, it is possible to achieve an optimal balance between risk and return, where alpha should be high, and beta low, yet still positive. Today, the alpha coefficient is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of actions taken by companies managing investment funds. The alpha coefficient enables the assessment of the average return of a portfolio. Of course, there are numerous other methods, but calculating the alpha coefficient provides the most accurate answer. From a mathematical perspective, it can be confidently stated that it allows for a comparison of the specific fund's returns ...