... of these data, a conclusion is made about how efficient and sustainable the company is, whether it has the potential for business growth in the future. This stage essentially answers the question: "Is this company successful and promising?" Securities analysis and valuation. The final stage is a direct assessment of the investment attractiveness of a share (or other instrument) of a given company. Here, the fair value of shares is determined based on all the information collected. An investor can use various approaches to valuation: the discounted cash flow (DCF) method, the dividend flow model, a comparative analysis of multiples (comparison of the company's value with market valuations of similar companies ...

... prepares the prospectus (or another document for investors). The prospectus details the company's business, the goals for raising funds, financial performance, and risks. Appendices are also prepared: audit reports, financial statements for several years, information on current shareholders, and plans for market entry. Prospectus registration. The offering prospectus is registered with a regulatory body (in Russia, with the Central Bank, which acts as the securities market regulator). By law, shares cannot be offered to an unlimited number of persons without prospectus registration. This stage can take several weeks due to document examination. The regulator checks the completeness and accuracy of the ...

... on the bank's official website. Advantages of Investing in Sberbank Bonds Sergey Tereshkin has meticulously analyzed online information presented by those who have experienced all the "pleasures" of this instrument and has identified its strengths ... ... incorporating his personal analysis as well. Thus, the advantages of investing in Sberbank bonds include: Safety. The issuer of these securities is a subsidiary of a state financial institution, which is the largest in the country. Variety. The bank offers several ...

... a company history, business model, risks, financial results, and future plans. The SEC also actively monitors compliance with the law post-IPO, enhancing transparency and safeguarding investor interests. Russian IPO: In Russia, the regulation of the securities market is overseen by the Central Bank of Russia. The disclosure requirements are less stringent compared to American standards. Companies going public on the Moscow Exchange are also required to provide prospectuses, but the volume of disclosed information may be lesser. After the IPO, Russian companies experience less stringent oversight from regulators, which can affect the level of transparency and the availability of information for investors. 2. Accounting Standards and Financial Reporting ...

... yield is formed, and where (on which platforms) they can be purchased. “Bond Ratings: What They Are and How to Use Them” — we will explore how rating agencies assess the reliability of issuers, what a bond rating signifies, and how to use this information when selecting securities. “Comparing Instruments: Bonds, Deposits, and Stocks” — an article for conservative investors explaining how bonds differ from bank deposits and stocks in terms of risks and returns. “How to Choose a Broker for Buying Bonds” — an ...