... approximately 10% per annum (in dollars) over the long term. The advantage is broader sector diversification. The downside is currency risk: fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar/euro against the ruble can either enhance or diminish ruble returns. In ... ... include bond funds (government or corporate), the Moscow Exchange index fund (or global market). Mutual funds offer professional management, although they charge fees. The IIA allows investment in stocks and bonds with a tax incentivized deduction (13% from ...

... Governance and Internal Processes Establishing a Corporate Governance System: Companies planning to go public should place a high priority on transparency and management systems. A board of directors with independent members can enhance investor confidence. Risk Management and Control Systems: The company should implement a comprehensive risk management structure that addresses both financial and tax risks. This is a crucial aspect of the preparation process, helping to mitigate uncertainty and enhance stability ...

... and economic volatility; the management chose to build an additional safety buffer in advance. Despite the substantial provisions, the level of non-performing loans remains low and is fully covered by reserves – indicating a conservative approach to risk management. Increased provisioning temporarily restrains net profit; however, it simultaneously enhances the long-term stability of the balance sheet. Financial Stability and Tax Burden The financial stability of Sber during the reporting period remains ...

... financial assets. We will explore the essential tools that can be beneficial for both novice and experienced investors. Analysis and forecasting of stock market quotes are crucial aspects of investing that enable investors to make informed decisions and manage risks. A variety of tools and methods are available for assessing stocks and other financial assets. Let's delve into the primary tools that can be beneficial for both novice and experienced investors. 1. Technical Analysis Technical analysis is based ...

... countries. MiCA introduces registration and disclosure requirements for crypto service providers, as well as consumer protection measures and anti-money laundering efforts. The European Union strives to strike a balance between fostering innovation and managing risks to ensure cryptocurrencies are smoothly integrated into the financial system. The first licenses under MiCA are expected in 2024, but the market is preemptively adapting: the European crypto industry is moving towards greater transparency and legitimacy....