... saturation and margin pressures. Eni S.p.A. – an Italian oil and gas giant releasing results for Q2 amid volatile energy prices. Investors will analyze Eni's oil and gas production volumes, as well as profitability metrics in exploration, production, and refining. In Q2 2025, Brent oil prices were stable within the range of $70–80 per barrel (lower than the previous year's level), so a decrease in profitability relative to the peaks of 2024 is expected. Nevertheless, effective cost management and stable ...

... gasoline and diesel, creating tension for consumers and the market. The reasons include seasonal factors (increased summer demand, particularly for agricultural fuel and lubricants) and reduced supply due to planned repairs at oil refineries (OR). Many refining companies have taken capacities offline for maintenance in June and July, temporarily reducing gasoline and diesel production. As a result, wholesale prices on the St. Petersburg International Mercantile Exchange approached a threshold level,...

... implementation of strategic plans without increasing debt burdens. Debt repayment and capital structure optimization. Instead of taking on new loans or increasing debt load, a company can sell part of its shares. The funds raised will be used to cover debt or refinance loans. This improves financial ratios (for example, reduces the debt-to-equity ratio) and lowers default risks. Expanding the shareholder base and liquidity. Issuing new shares or selling stakes attracts new investors, enhancing the liquidity ...

... general patterns to analyze a specific case. For example, it is known that rising raw material prices reduce producers' profits, so having seen a significant increase in the price of oil, a fundamental analyst will predict a decrease in the company's oil refining margins. Another example: general market valuations (multipliers) for the banking sector differ from those for the technology sector. Using deduction, an investor conducts an analysis by extending fundamental data for the sector to an individual ...

... options: to attract funds from private investors (business angels, venture funds) or to develop slowly, limiting themselves to their own small income. Venture investments give a startup the “fuel” for rapid growth: the team can use the money raised to refine the product, bring it to market, and scale the business. As a result, the investor receives a share that will increase in value if the company takes off. Thus, venture investments are a symbiosis of interests: entrepreneurs get access to capital ...